September marks the transition from late summer to early fall, making it an excellent time to plant cool-season crops that thrive in lower temperatures and shorter days. With the soil still warm from summer, seeds germinate quickly, and plants establish strong roots before winter sets in.
Why plant in September?
By starting your fall garden now, you can enjoy fresh harvests of leafy greens, brassicas, and root vegetables well into the cooler months. September planting also helps reduce pest pressure, as many insects slow down with lower temperatures.
Best crops to plant this month
Cabbages
Cabbage grows best in cool weather and can withstand light frosts. Plant seedlings in rich, well-drained soil, spacing them about 45–60 cm apart. Consistent watering is key for forming firm heads.
Recommended variety: Golden Acre – compact heads, early maturing, ideal for small spaces.
Kale
Kale is one of the hardiest greens, improving in flavor after exposure to light frost. Space plants 30–40 cm apart and keep soil consistently moist.
Recommended variety: Dwarf Blue Curled Vates – tender leaves, excellent for soups and salads.
Broccoli
Broccoli prefers cool, moist conditions and benefits from being planted in early September for a fall harvest. Space plants 45–60 cm apart and keep evenly watered to avoid stress.
Recommended variety: De Cicco – produces main heads plus side shoots for extended harvests.
Spinach
Spinach grows quickly and tolerates light frost, making it perfect for late planting. Sow seeds directly in well-drained soil and thin to 15–20 cm apart.
Recommended variety: Bloomsdale Long Standing – sweet flavor and slow to bolt.
Beets
Beets can be planted in September for tender roots and edible greens. Sow seeds 2–3 cm deep and thin to 8–10 cm apart for proper root development.
Recommended variety: Detroit Dark Red – rich color, great flavor, and reliable yields.
Tips for a successful September garden
- Use floating row covers to protect young plants from sudden temperature drops.
- Keep soil moist but not waterlogged to encourage steady growth.
- Add compost before planting to replenish nutrients after summer crops.
- Plant in succession every 2–3 weeks to extend the harvest period.
Frequently asked questions
Can I start these crops from seed in September?
Yes, many cool-season vegetables germinate quickly in warm soil, but you can also use transplants to speed up the harvest.
Will frost damage my cabbage and kale?
No—both cabbage and kale are frost-tolerant and often taste better after exposure to light frost.
How can I extend my harvest into winter?
Use row covers, cold frames, or tunnels to protect crops and keep harvesting well past the first frost.